The article analyses the representation of freedom in Adam Mickiewicz’s Dziady Part III and Zofia Nałkowska’s Medaliony. Konrad, as a rebel and visionary, embodies an apparent freedom associated with both the self-determination of the nation and the spiritual struggle of the individual. Medaliony illustrates how war strips people of their physical freedom, dignity, and humanity. Freedom manifests in small acts of resistance and the preservation of inner independence despite external limitations. Both works emphasize that the theme of freedom and enslavement is a universal problem of human experience, shaping identity and morality.
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